[BOOK|PDF] Crusades: The Illustrated History

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Al-Afdal and the Muslim world mistook the Crusaders for the latest in a long line of Byzantine mercenaries rather than religiously motivated warriors intent on conquest and settlement. The Pope responded in 1312, with a series of papal bulls including and that dissolved the order on the alleged and probably false grounds of sodomy, magic, and heresy. From descriptions of the battles and homefront conditions, to a thorough evaluation of the clash and coalescence of cultures, to the legacy of the crusading movement that continues into our conflict-torn twentieth-century, to the enduring artistic and social changes that the Crusades wrought, The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades offers an informative, engaging, and unsurpassed panorama of one of the great movements in western history.

They occupied most of Spain and even attacked what are now France and Italy. The Ottomans defeated them in the on 25 September, capturing 3,000 prisoners. This brief renaissance for Frankish Jerusalem was illusory, being dependent on Ayyubid weakness and division following the death of Al-Kamil.

Crusades - The Illustrated History - Related to Scholarship Opportunities For Hispanics Abound. We now know much more than ever before about the Crusades.